【英文标准名称】:TerminologyforBasicStatisticsinCommitteeD-19onWater
【原文标准名称】:在D-19委员会中关于水的基体统计术语
【标准号】:ASTMD4375-1990
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1990
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)
【起草单位】:ASTM
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:表示法(记数法);定义;定义;符号;工艺;统计学;水
【英文主题词】:statistics;symbols;water;processes;definition;definitions;notations
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:C50
【国际标准分类号】:03_120_30;01_040_03
【页数】:2P;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforMonitoringDieselParticulateExhaustintheWorkplace
【原文标准名称】:排放到工作场所中的柴油粒子监测的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD6877-2003(2008)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2003
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D22.04
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:airpollution;carbonaceousaerosols;carbonanalysis;dieselexhaust;dieselparticulatematter;dieselsoot;elementalcarbon;PM2.5;samplingandanalysis;ultra-fineparticles;Monitoring--petroleumtesting;Organiccarbon(OC);Sa
【摘要】:Thetestmethodsupportsproposed,occupationalexposurestandards(6,7)forDPM.IntheUnitedStatesalone,overamillionworkersareoccupationallyexposed(8).Anexposurestandardforminesisespeciallyimportantbecauseminers''exposuresareoftenquitehigh.NIOSH(8),theInternationalAgencyforResearchonCancer(9)(IARC),theWorldHealthOrganization(10)(WHO),theCaliforniaEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(11),theU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(12)(EPA),andtheNationalToxicologyProgram(13)havereviewedtheanimalandhumanevidence.Allhaveclassifieddieselexhaustasaprobablehumancarcinogenorsimilardesignation.ThetestmethodprovidesameasureofoccupationalexposuretoDPM.Previousstudieshaveproducedequivocalresultsbecauseexposuredataarelacking.Giventheeconomicandpublichealthimpactofepidemiologicalstudies,accurateriskassessmentiscritical.AnongoingNIOSH/NCIstudyofminersexposedtodieselexhaustshouldprovideamorequantitativeestimateofthelungcancerrisk.Thetestmethodwasusedforexposuremonitoring.Sincepublication(in1996)asNMAM5040,themethodhasbeenroutinelyusedforoccupationalmonitoring(5).ThetestmethodsupportsaproposedEPAairstandardforfineparticulatecarbon.Recentstudiesindicateapositiveassociationbetweenairbornelevelsoffineparticlesandrespiratoryillnessandmortality(14-22).ThetestmethodandothershavebeenusedforEPAairmonitoringnetworksandairpollutionstudies.Becausedifferentmethodsproducedifferentresults,methodstandardizationisessentialforregulatorycompliancedeterminationsandvalidcomparisonsofinterlaboratorydata.Thetestmethodisbeingappliedforemission-controltesting.1.1Thistestmethodcoversdeterminationoforganicandelementalcarbonintheparticulatefractionofdieselengineexhaust,hereafterreferredtoasdieselparticulatematter(DPM).Samplesofworkplaceatmospheresarecollectedonquartz-fiberfilters.Themethodalsoissuitableforothertypesofcarbonaceousaerosols,butitisnotappropriateforsamplingvolatileorsemi-volatilecomponents.Thesecomponentsrequiresorbentsforefficientcollection.Note18212;Samplecollectionandhandlingproceduresforenvironmentalsamplesdifferfromoccupationalsamples.ThisstandardaddressesoccupationalmonitoringofDPMinworkplaceswherediesel-poweredequipmentisused.1.2Themethodisbasedonathermal-opticaltechnique(1,2).Speciationoforganicandelementalcarbonisachievedthroughtemperatureandatmospherecontrol,andanopticalfeaturethatcorrectsforsamplecharring.1.3Aportionofa37-mm,quartz-fiberfiltersampleisanalyzed.Resultsfortheportionareusedtocalculatethetotalmassoforganicandelementalcarbononthefilter.Theportionmustberepresentativeoftheentirefilterdeposit.Ifthedepositisuneven,twoormorerepresentativeportionsshouldbeanalyzedforanaverage.Open-facedcassettesgiveevendepositsbutareoftennotpractical.Closed-facecassettesgiveequivalentresultsifotherdustsareabsent.Othersamplersmayberequired,dependingonthesamplingenvironment(2-5).1.4Thecalculatedlimitofdetection(LOD)dependsonthelevelofcontaminationofthemediablanks(